Genetics ‒ Crossing

All the living organisms which reproduce sexually inherit traits from their parents. The specific inherited traits are encoded in genes. The variants of a gene, which differ only in the type of the same trait (e. g. color of flowers), are called alleles (e. g. white, red, etc.). There are two basic types of alleles ‒ dominant and recessive, which mutually combine. The possible combinations of the alleles in offspring are called phenotypes. If we combine just dominant or just recessive alleles, it will result in so-called codominance. But if we combine dominant and recessive alleles, the traits of the dominant will prevail. The result we call incomplete dominance. This model shows a combination of one and then of two traits of a pea, a plant on which Gregor Johann Mendel, founder of the genetics, made his experiments.