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Foraminifera are unicellular organisms with solid shells, which are built from calcium carbonate, organic material (tin), or they are agglutinated. The shell is perforated with small pores through which the animal communicates with the environment using granular rhizopodia. A large aperture (foramen) is typical. Alteration between haploid and diploid generations during the life cycle is also characteristic. The oldest record of benthic forms is known from Cambrian, planktonic representatives are known from the Lower/Middle Jurassic. ## Keywords unicellular protists, Kingdom Protista, Subkingdom Rhizaria, Cambrian - Recent
