Sonar

**SONAR** (an acronym for **SO**und **N**avigation **A**nd **R**anging) is a technique used to **navigate or communicate** by using **sound propagation**. Sonar is often used for detection under the surface of water. It uses **echo** to detect any obstacle. Echo is the **sound or ultrasound** radiated by a machine or an animal. The ultrasound waves travel into the environment and **bounce back** from an object.



The sonar instrument generates an **electric impulse** from the transmitter, which is converted into **sound waves** with the help of a **transducer**. These sound waves are then sent into the water and when they strike the water surface, they get rebound to the detector. The **transducer** in the detector **converts** the echo back into the **electrical signals**. These signals are amplified by the **receiver** and are then sent to the display screen. With a simple calculation, we can find the distance between the object and the transmitter.