Step Voltage Hazard

As current flows down a tree and moves from the roots into the soil, a great difference in electrical potential appears. As the charge disperses through the soil, this electrical differential is called a "Step Voltage". People or animals standing in the area may inadvertently conduct this potentially deadly flow. Person “stepping” in the direction of the voltage gradient could be subjected to the hazardous voltage. In the case of a "Step Potential" or a step voltage, electricity will flow if a difference in potential exists between the two legs of a person. Hazardous step potential or step voltage can occur a significant distance away from any given site. The more current is pumped into the ground, the greater the hazard. Soil resistance and layering play a major role in how hazardous a fault occurring on a specific site may be. High soil resistance tends to increase the step potential.

In a case of a lightning strike experienced outside, it is recommended to a person to squat with their feet together to minimize the risk of the step potential and also the chance of being hit.