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As the **electric charge** moves through the circuit, it encounters some **resistance**. Every material has its own characteristic resistance. The resistance of a material is ***proportional to the length of the material and inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the material***.
The factor of the resistance which takes into account the nature of the material is called the **resistivity**. The resistance (resistivity) is **temperature-dependent**.
*The electric resistance is the effect caused by electric forces between free electrons and atoms in the structure of the matter. *
The electrical resistance of a circuit component or device is defined as the **ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current which flows through it**.
