Magnetic Field of Earth

Our planet’s magnetic field is generated deep down in the **Earth’s core**. At the center of the Earth is a **solid inner core** composed primarily of iron. Surrounding this is the **outer core**, which is a layer of iron, nickel and other metals.



Lower pressure than in the inner core means the metal here is **fluid**. Differences in temperature, pressure and composition within the outer core cause convection currents in the molten metal as cool, dense matter sinks whilst warm, less dense matter rises. **This flow of liquid iron generates electric currents**. Electric currents produce magnetic fields. Charged metals passing through these fields go on to create electric currents of their own, and so the cycle continues.



For the first time, scientists have directly mapped Earth's fluctuating magnetic field and resulting electrical currents to aurora, thanks to the observations of the northern lights. The majestic auroras have captivated humans for thousands of years. The lights are electromagnetic respond to the solar activity.