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Pendulum clocks typically operate using a harmonic mechanical oscillator and a system of gears. The energy source for these clocks is mechanical, often provided by a weight or a spring. Galileo Galilei was probably the first to design a pendulum clock, but it was Christiaan Huygens who successfully constructed and implemented one. **Oscillator** The core component of the clock is the oscillator, which, in this case, is the pendulum. The pendulum functions as a system of inertia, with a specific swing frequency that can be mathematically calculated for precision. **Escapement** The escapement is a mechanism that allows the release of one tooth of the escape wheel gear with each swing of the pendulum. It also transfers energy back to the oscillator, ensuring continuous motion.
