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The water molecule is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atom contains one proton and one electron, which its shared with the oxygen atom due to the covalent bond formed between these atoms. The proton from the hydrogen atom can be transferred to another water molecule to form two ions: hydroxide anion (OH⁻) and oxonium cation (H₃O⁺). The proton from the cation H₃O⁺ can be transferred back to the anion OH⁻ to re-create two water molecules.
