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When a chlorine atom is sufficiently close to a hydrogen atom, a simple covalent bond is formed through the sharing of two electrons. Because the chlorine atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atom, the shared electrons are more strongly attracted to the chlorine atom. As a result, the chlorine atom acquires a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen atom gains a partial positive charge. This type of bond is called a polar covalent bond.
