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The sp² hybridization is used to describe the bonding in the ethene (ethylene) molecule. When a bond is formed between carbon atoms, two sp² orbitals overlap to form a σ-bond, while the unhybridized p-orbitals of each carbon atom overlap above and below the plane of the bonded atoms to form a single π-bond. This results in a double bond, consisting of one σ-bond and one π-bond. When a bond is formed between a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, the sp² orbital and s-orbital overlap again to form a σ-bond, resulting in a simple bond.
