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**Molecular formula:** NaHCO₃ **Molar mass:** 84.007 g/mol **Description:** Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, is a mildly basic, white crystalline powder. It is an ionic compound consisting of sodium cations (Na⁺) and bicarbonate anions (HCO₃⁻). **Applications:** Sodium bicarbonate is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking. During thermal decomposition, it releases carbon dioxide, which causes the dough to rise: 2 NaHCO₃ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O + CO₂). It is also an active ingredient in some fire extinguishers.