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Adenosine diphosphate is a nucleotide composed of the nitrogenous purine base adenine, the sugar D-ribose, and two phosphates (phosphoric acid residues). Both ADP and ATP are macroergic compounds whose hydrolysis releases a large amount of energy resulting from the electrostatic repulsions between negatively charged oxygen atoms. ADP is formed from the hydrolysis of ATP, accompanied by the release of energy according to the reaction: ATP + H₂O → ADP + P. The energy released from this process can then be used to drive endergonic reactions.
