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of the leaf is photosynthesis, the process by which water and CO₂ are converted into saccharides and oxygen. Water is supplied via the xylem within the vascular bundle, while saccharides are transported by the phloem. Photosynthesis occurs within the numerous chloroplasts of the palisade parenchyma layer. Below this layer lies the spongy parenchyma, which facilitates the easy passage of water and gases. Gases enter and exit through the stomata in the epidermis. The cuticle, located on the outer surface of the epidermis, insulates and protects the leaf. ## Keywords anatomy structure leaf structure cross-section
