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The male fern is a plant found throughout much of the northern hemisphere, thriving in shaded areas with humus-rich soil, although it does not prefer damp substrates. Its leaves emerge from a rhizome and are curled when young, at which point they are referred to as fiddleheads. Rounded clusters of sporangia develop on the underside of the leaves, in contrast to the related lady fern, whose sporangia clusters are croissant shaped. The spores mature and are released in the fall, after which the leaves die back before winter. ## Keywords plantae cormobionta polypodiophyta polypodiales dryopteridaceae dryopteris
