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The black alder grows near banks of streaming water or in wetlands. It lives in a mutual relationship with bacteria enriching the soil by fixed nitrogen. This way the alder can prosper even in places low in nutrients. It is a pioneer species and colonizes vacant land. It can be used to fortify the banks of rivers and streams. Its buds and young leaves are sticky. Male and female inflorescences are catkins and the fruits resemble a cone. Several different species of lichen grow on the alder.
## Keywords
vascular plants angiosperms eudicots Fagales Betulaceae alder
