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A telescope is an optical instrument designed to increase the viewing angle when observing distant objects. Its primary components are the objective lens and the eyepiece. The Newtonian telescope is classified as a reflector because it uses a concave mirror as the objective, rather than a traditional lens. Unlike refractors, in which a lenticular lens forms the image, the Newtonian telescope employs a hollow mirror to produce a real image, which is then viewed through the eyepiece. Incoming parallel rays are focused by the mirror, and a secondary plane mirror deflects the rays outside the telescope tube for easier observation. One key advantage of this design is that it produces fewer imaging defects compared to refractor (lens) telescopes. Since the mirror reflects light without passing through it, chromatic aberration — common in lenses — is avoided. However, a significant drawback is the need for a larger mirror radius to achieve high-quality images.
