Electrodynamic Loudspeaker

Speakers are electro-acoustic transducers, devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of sound. Typically, they consist of a diaphragm, a driver that receives the input signal, and various supporting components. For high-quality sound reproduction, it is important to achieve the broadest possible frequency range, ideally covering the entire audible spectrum (20 Hz to 20 kHz). To effectively transmit low frequencies, the speaker should have a large, rigid diaphragm, which requires a significant mass in the oscillating components. Conversely, high-frequency transmission requires a lightweight diaphragm. As a result, it is often advantageous to use multiple transducers, each optimized for a specific frequency band. These transducers are then combined to form a speaker system, which may also include auxiliary audio circuitry and other electronic components such as supply connectors, crossovers and amplifiers. Woofers (bass/low-frequency speakers) Frequency Range: 20‒1500 Hz (for low frequencies with a large diameter) or 35‒5000 Hz (for standard bass, commonly referred to as a woofer). The key requirements for bass speakers include a large diaphragm excursion, low suspension stiffness, and minimal self-resonance. The diaphragm's displacement can reach up to 5 mm. The upper suspension of the diaphragm is typically made from rubber, foam rubber, polyurethane, or, in some cases, impregnated textiles. The diaphragm itself is commonly constructed from paper, though plastics, metals, or composite materials are also used. The speaker frame is generally made from sheet metal or aluminum alloy, though plastic may be used for smaller models. The typical diameter of woofer speakers ranges between 150 and 600 mm (often measured in inches). Tweeters (high-frequency speakers) Frequency Range: Typically 2000 to 20,000 Hz, and sometimes higher. Tweeters often feature non-conical diaphragms to ensure wide sound dispersion. Common diaphragm shapes include spherical caps, domes, or horns. The typical diameter of a tweeter diaphragm is around 30 mm. Materials used for tweeter diaphragms vary and can include plastics, woven fabrics such as silk, composite sandwich structures (where a metal layer is laminated onto a fabric base), metals such as titanium or aluminum, ceramics, aerogels, and other advanced materials. *LICENSES AND ATTRIBUTIONS Free Music Archive: Josh Woodward - Show Me (Instrumental Version): taken from - http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Josh_Woodward/Addressed_to_the_Stars_1995/JoshWoodward-ShowMe-NoVox_1239 Author: Josh Woodward http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*